At a collision scene, you may need to provide first aid before emergency services arrive. The DRSAB protocol gives a clear sequence of actions that maximises survival chances for the injured.
D — Danger
Before approaching, check for ongoing danger: oncoming traffic, fuel leaks, fire, or unstable vehicles. Make the scene as safe as possible — hazard lights on, warning triangle out, direct bystanders to stop traffic. Do not put yourself in danger.
R — Response
Speak loudly to the injured person: “Can you hear me?” Tap their shoulder firmly. If they respond, they are conscious — keep them calm and still, especially if a spinal injury is possible.
S — Send for Help
If the person is unresponsive, call 112 immediately (or ask a bystander to call while you continue). Give location, number of casualties, and nature of injuries. Stay on the line — the dispatcher can guide you.
A — Airway
Tilt the head back gently and lift the chin to open the airway. Look for obstructions — only remove visible, easily accessed obstructions.
B — Breathing
Look, listen, and feel for breathing for up to 10 seconds. If not breathing normally, begin CPR — 30 chest compressions (hard and fast, 5–6 cm depth) followed by 2 rescue breaths. Continue until emergency services arrive.
Exam tip: DRSAB is the Swedish standard first-aid sequence. “D” — checking for danger before approaching — is the first step. Do not rush to the victim before ensuring your own safety.