Complete brake failure is rare in modern vehicles with dual-circuit hydraulic systems, but partial failure or a sudden loss of braking effectiveness can occur. Knowing what to do prevents panic from making a bad situation worse.
If the Brake Pedal Goes to the Floor
Pump the brakes rapidly — this can sometimes rebuild hydraulic pressure in a partially failed system. Simultaneously apply the handbrake (parking brake) gently and progressively — pulling it sharply can lock the rear wheels and cause a spin. Change down through the gears to use engine braking. Steer toward a safe area: uphill, a gravel verge, or a barrier rather than other vehicles or pedestrians.
Brake Fade
Brake fade occurs after sustained heavy braking — the brake components overheat and lose effectiveness. Common on long mountain descents. Prevention: use engine braking and lower gears on descents rather than riding the brakes continuously. If fade occurs, stop and allow brakes to cool before continuing.
After Any Brake Incident
Have the vehicle inspected by a mechanic before driving again. Even if braking appears to have restored, a fault caused the failure and it can recur.
Exam tip: On a long downhill gradient, use a lower gear to slow the vehicle rather than continuous braking — this prevents brake fade. Brakes are for slowing; gears are for controlling speed on descents.